What is homelessness?

Definition of homelessness

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) statistical definition of homelessness considers a person homeless if they:

• Are in a dwelling that is inadequate; or
• Has no tenure, or if their initial tenure is short and not extendable; or
• Does not allow them to have control of, and access to space for social relations; and
• Does not have a suitable accommodation alternative

^{(Last point is intended to exclude those who may choose to live in arrangements that fall outside of mainstream cultural norms.)}

This definition provides an accurate way of recording levels of homelessness in Australia to inform the way in which services and support are provided.

Data of interest

Whole-of-population census data indicates that 122,494 people were homeless on census night in 2021 (though the ABS acknowledges that limitations in data collection methodology means this number is likely to be higher).

More recent data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) suggests that 280,078 people across Australia were supported by Specialist Homelessness Services agencies including The Salvation Army in 2023–24. This figure includes people experiencing homelessness as well as those at risk of homelessness.

Responding to homelessness

We have a long history of responding to and supporting people experiencing homelessness and those at risk of experiencing homelessness. We believe that having safe, secure and affordable housing is a human right as it is essential for health and wellbeing, community connection and a sense of belonging and identity.
 
We know housing provides the platform from which people can create and live 'a good life', whatever that may mean for them.